Apparatus for simulating the operation of an electrical power generating plant



A. J. SCHAGER 3,237,318 NG THE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT 8 Sheets-Sheet'I l OZ ZO-.Cn-ZOOII. .IrelwwIOF-m OZERWn-Olllll.

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APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION-OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 23, 1963 INVENTOR. ARTHUR J. SCHAGER dmm 7: 2lATTORNEY;

March 1, 1966 Filed July 23, 1963 A. J. SCHAGER APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT DEAERATING HEATER TRANSF. SUDDEN PRESS.

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NEUTRAl c UR- TRANSF 68W ovERLOAO STATION sERvlcE TRANS FORMER MAIN TRANSFORM ER OVERALL DIFF.

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NEUTRAL URRENT START-UP TRANSFORMER INVENTOR. ARTHUR J. SCHAGER March 1, 1966 A. J. scHAGER 3,237,318

APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July 25, 1963 N .OE

March 1, 1966 A. J. scHAGER APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 25, 1963 March 1, 1966 A J, SCHAGER 3,237,318

APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT l Filed July 23, 1963 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 FIG. 6

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APPARATUS FOR sIMuLATING THE OPERATION oF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT Filed July 23, 1963 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 L2 FT FIG. 7

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INVENTOR.

ARTHUR .LSCHAGER l |24A 7W, HFP (TIMER) HFPT BY 5&7 4

ATTOREYS United States Patent O APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT Arthur I. Schager, 26913 N. Woodland Road, Beachwood, Ohio Filed July 23, 1963, Ser. No. 297,079 6 Claims. (Cl. 3-Itl) This invention relates to training devices and, more particularly, to an apparatus for .simulating the ope-ration of a functional system. While the invention is of general utility insofar as the operation and control of such systems is concerned, ithas particular utility in simulating the operation of electrical power generating plants and its structural Iarrangement and operation for use in that environment will be described herein.

In order to keep up with the steadily increasing demand for more electrical power, the trend of development in electrical power generating plants has been toward greater complex-ity of equipment and more efficient performance in the control and operation of this equipment. As a direct result of this increase in complexity of equipment and perform-ance demands, it is essential, for reasons of safety to human life and economy of operation, that the personnel responsible for the operation and maintenance of the generating station be thoroughly trained at the outset and periodically refreshed in order to assure complete familiarity with the equipment and operational procedures. Accordingly, it is the principle object of this invention to facilitate this essential training need by providing a device which simulates the operation of a power generating plant.

In the absence of the apparatus of this invention, the standard procedure for training personnel in the operation of power generating plants was at best a long and laborious procedure which, for the most part, consisted of associating the trainee -with a skilled operator. In addition, the training program al-so included the study of a large volume of descriptive and instruction material associated with the hundreds of units and components which ym-ake up a power generating plant. -It is an object of this invention to provide a dev-ice for visually demonstrating the cooperative relationship o-f the units and components which make up the power generating system and the sequence of operations of the units.

Since the operat-ion of a power generating plant must of necessity be continuous, it was impossible to satisfactorily train and test operators adequately in many of the operating sequences and emergency procedures. Instead, the trainee-operator for the most part could only beco-me acquainted with these conditions and remedial procedures on a theoretical basis. Accordingly, it is a still further object of this invention to provide a training device which may be used to simulate the many operating sequences and emergency procedures and thereby thoroughly train operators without risk to personnel or equip-ment.

A still further and more particular object of this invention is to visually demonstrate and thereby familiarize plant personnel with all phases of interlocking circuit effects and results of removing components 4to prevent false and costly tripouts.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a training device which can be left `available for use by anyone, without supervision at any time, and without danger to actual plant equip-ment or interruption of power generation.

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According to this invention the foregoing objects are attained by providing apparatus for simulating the conditions of operation in a functional system, such as an electrical power generating plant. The apparatus includes a panel and condition indicating means, such as lamps on the panel for representing various operational conditions of the system. Further, the apparatus may include an electrical circuit connecting control means, such as switches, to the condition indicating means or lamps for controlling the energization thereof to thereby simulate various operating conditions of the equipme-nt. Also, the panel may include a display portion graphically illustrating in ilow pattern forrn the arrangement of the equipment components of the system. The panel may also include an alarm lamp portion including a plurality of alarm lamps for simulating various alarm conditions of the functional system.y Still further, the condition indicating means or lamps may be located on the display portion of the panel for representing the various equipment components of the system and their condition of operation.

The foregoing as well as other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description used to illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE l illustrates the panel face of the preferred embodiment of the invention including a display portion A, an alarm lamp portion B, an operating switch p-ortion C and a condition and trouble switch portion D;

FIGURES la and lb are enlarged views of display portion A respectively taken on the left and righ-t hand sid-es of line A-A in FIGURE l, graphically illustrating in flow pattern form the layout and arrangement of equipment components in a simulated electrical power generating plant;

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged View illustrating the alarm lamp portion B of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 3 is an enlarged view illustrating the operating switch portion C of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 4 is an enlarged view illustrating the condition and trouble switch portion D of FIGURE l;

FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 together illustrate a schematic circuit diagram of the preferred electric circuit to be used in this invention.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein the figures are shown for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiment of the present invention only and not for purposes of limiting same, FIGURE l illustrates a control panel face. The panel face includes display portion A which graphically illustrates in tiow pattern the layout and arrangement of equipment components in a simulated electrical power generating plant. Display portion A .also mounts a plurality of component condition indicator lamps, numbered 92 through 184 (FIGURES la and lb). At least one indicator lamp is positioned adjacent each of the components of the graphically illustrated equipment so as to indicate the condition of the component. Further, a descriptive label appears on the face of display portion A adjacent each component represented and for each condition of operation or malfunction simulated. Red lamps are indicated by subscript r, green lamps are indicated by subscript g and white lamps are indicated by subscript w. The red and green lamps are component operation indicating lamps and represent the various equipment components of the plant and their condition of operation. The red lamps represent that the component associated therewith is operating in a correct manner. Green lamps represent that the component associated therewith is not operating. White lamps are either com ponent malfunction or alarm indicatingr lamps for respectively simulating whether various component malfunctions or generator plant alarm conditions exist as depicted by the associated descriptive labels.

Immediately below display portion A there is mounted on the panel, as shown in FIGURE 1, an alarm lamp portion B including eight power plant alarm condition lamps, numbered 71W, 72W, 73W, 74W, 75W, 82W, 86W and 91W. These lamps and descriptive labels therefor, which appear on the face of the panel, are shrown in greater detail in FIGURE 2. All of the lamps mounted on alarm lamp portion B are white lamps and each lamp indicates that a particular alarm condition exists. Thus, white lamp 71W, when on, indicates that a high furnace pressure condition exists. White lamp 72W, when on, indicates that one mill is running. White lamp 73W, when on, indicates that a boiler trip condition exists. White lamp 74W, when on, indicates that the fuel oil pressure is low. White lamp 75W, when on, indicates that low air ilow conditions exist. White lamp 82W, when on, indicates that a turbine trip condition exists. White lamp 86W, when on, indicates that load limit runback conditions exist. Lastly, white lamp 91W, when on, indicates that a unit trip exists. The significance of the above referred to alarm conditions will be more readily understood from the description of operation which follows.

Immediately below and to the left of the alarm lamp portion B there is provided on the control panel face an operating switch portion C. As shown in greater detail in FIGURE 3, the operating switch portion C comprises switches 1 through 30 and an equal number of descriptive labels therefor on the panel. Each of the operating switches 1 through 30 may be operated to simulate one of two conditions, as depicted by the descriptive labels associated with the switches, each condition being representative of a particular operation step in operating the simulated power generating plant.

Immediately below and to the right of alarm lamp portion B there is provided on the control panel face a condition and trouble switch portion D. As shown in greater detail in FIGURE 4, the condition and trouble switch portion D comprises switches 31 through 68 and an equal number of descriptive labels therefor on the panel. Each condition or malfunction is representative of a particular condition or malfunction which might occur during the operation of the power generating plant.

DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Referring now to the circuit diagram illustrated in FIG- URES 5, 6 and 7, there is shown an electrical circuit for interconnecting the switches 1 through 68 with the lamps 71 through 75, 82, 86 and 91 through 184 for indicating:

(a) The sequence of operation of the simulated electrical power generating plant;

(b) A simulated condition of each of the several components of the power generating plant; and

(c) A simulated malfunction of each of the several components of the power generating plant.

Referring more particularly to the circuit diagram, switches 2, 3, 4, 16 through 19, 23 through 26, and 28 through 30 all take the form of single pole, double throw switches. Further, switches 36, 37, 39, and 41 through 45 all take the form of single pole, single throw switches. Switches 1, 5, 21 and 22 all take the form of double pole switches with one pole being single throw and the other pole being double throw. The remaining switches take the form of double pole, double throw switches. The invention is not limited to this particular combination of switches and it is apparent that other combinations of the switches will occur to those skilled in the art.

The circuit portions illustrated in FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 are all interconnected via lines or conductors L1 and L2 to form a complete circuit diagram. Referring specically to the circuit portion shown in FIGURE 5 and starting at the top and proceeding to the bottom, there is shown an alternating voltage source V which preferably provides six (6) volts of alternating voltage. A relay coil SiS-12T and a set of normally open relay contacts 36-12TT are connected together in series across a time delay relay coil 86-12TT and across the voltage source V via contact 64a of a main transformer sudden pressure switch 64. Switch 64 also connects white lamp 164W across source V via contact 64b. A relay coil 86-12 is connected in parallel with relay c-oil 86-12TT and across the voltage source V via contact 62a of a station service transformer sudden pressure switch 62. Switch 62 also connects white lamp 166W across source V via contact 62b. White lamp 91W is connected in parallel with relay coil 86-12 and across source V via contact 61a of a station service transformer neutral current switch 61. Switch 61 also connects white lamp 167W across source V via contact 61b. White alarm lamp 91W is also connected across source V Via contact 63a of switch 63, contact 58a of switch 58, contact 57a of switch 57, contact 56a of switch 56, contact 65a of switch 65, contact 59a of switch 59 and a set of normally open contacts 52A, a set of normally open contacts T, contact 60a of switch 60 and normally opened contacts 52A, contact 55a of switch 55, contact 40h of switch 40 and normally open contacts 52A, a set of normally open three minutes time delay contacts 62-C1, contact 54a of switch 54, and a set of normally open contacts 66-4 and contact 27C of switch 27. Station service transformer overload switch 63 also serves to connect white lamp 168W across source V via contact 63b. Overall differential switch 58 connects white lamp 165W across source V via contact 5Sb. Generator differential switch 57 connects white lamp 160W across voltage source V via contact 57b. Generator ground switch 56 connects white lamp 161W across voltage source V via contact 56h. 132 kv. bus section protection switch 65 serves to connect white lamp 181W across source V via contact 65b. Loss of excitation switch 59 connects white lamp 162W across source V Via contact 5%. 0 megawatts switch 160 connects white lamp 163W across source V via contact 60h, 0 steam flow switch 4t) connects white lamp 136W across source V via contact 40a. Exhaust hood temperature switch 55 connects white lamp 159W across voltage source V Via contact 55b.

A set of normally open relay contacts 8'5--12 and green lamp 173g are connected together in series across voltage source V. Green lamp 173g is also connected across source V via contact 27a of generator breaker switch 27. A set of normally closed relay contacts 86-12 and red lamp 17er are connected together in series and across voltage source V via contact 27b of switch 27. A relay coil 52A is connected across red lamp 174r and normally closed contacts 86-12. Another set of normally open relay contacts 86-12 are connected in series with green lamp 169g across the voltage source V. Station service breaker switch 28 also connects green lamp 169g across source V via contact 28a. A red lamp 1701f is connected across the voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts S16-12 and contact 28h of switch 28. A set of normally open relay contacts 86-4 are connected in. series with green lamp 171g across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts SLS-12. Start up supply breaker switch 29 also connects green lamp 171g:

across voltage source V via normally closed contacts'. Switch 29 yalso connects red.

A relay coil 86-4 is connected across source V via contact 66a of switch 66, or contact 67a of switch 67, or contact 68a of switch 68. Start up transformer neutral current switch 66 also serves to connect a white lamp 183W across voltage source V via contact 66h. Start up transformer sudden pressure switch 67 also serves to connect white lamp 184W across voltage source V via contact 67b. Further, the l1 kv. start up supply protection switch 68 also serves to connect white lamp 182W across voltage' source V via contact 68h.

A timer relay coil 62-C1 is connected across the voltage source V via either contact 51b of switch 51, or contact 52h of switch 52, or contact 53b of switch 53. Another relay coil 62-C2 is connected in parallel with timer relay coil 62-C1. The stator oil temperature high switch 51 also serves to connect white lamp 175W across voltage source V via contact 51a. The stator oil pressure low switch 52 also serves to connect white lamp 176W across voltage source V via contact 52a. Stator oil diierential low switch 53 serves to connect white lam-p 177w across voltage source V via contact 53a.

A set off normally open contacts 86-12 serve to connect green lamp 178g across voltage source V. Further, stator oil pump 30 also serves to connect green lamp 178g across voltagek source V. Further, stator oil pump 30 also serves to connect green lamp 178g7 across voltage source V via contact 30a. Switch 30 also connects red lamp 179r across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12 and contact 3012.

A boiler circulating pump switch 16 serves to respectively connect green lamp 133g and red lamp 1341' across voltage source V via contact 16a and contacts 16h. Similarly, B boiler circulating pump switch 17 serves to connect green lamp 131g and red lamp 132r across the voltage source V via contact 17a and 17b, respectively. Further, C yboiler circulating pump switch 18 serves to connect green lamp 129g and red lamp 130r across voltage source V via contacts 18a and 18b, respectively. Still further, D boiler circulating pump switch 19 serves to connect green lamp 127g and red lamp 128r across voltage source V via lcontacts 19a and 19b, respectively.

Referring now particularly to FIGURE 6, there is shown a continuation of conductors L1 and L2 and starting from the top and proceeding to the bottom, there is illustrated a relay coil T connected across cond-uctors L1 and L2 and hence the voltage source V via contact 50a of switch 50. Overspeed switch 50 also serves to connect white lamp 156W across voltage source V via contact 50b. White alarm lamp 82W is connected in parallel with relay coil T and across the voltage source V via either contact 49a of switch 49, or contact 47a of switch 47, or contact 46a of switch 46, or contact 48a of switch 48, or a set of normally open contacts FTT which simulate thirty (30) minutes time delay, or a set of normally open contacts 86-12, or a set of normally open contacts DLH. Low vacuum switch 49 also serves to connect white lamp 158W across voltage source V via contact 49b. Manual l'evel switch 47 also serves to connect white lamp 155W across voltage source V via contact 47b. Re-mote pushbutton switch 46 also serves to connect white lamp 157W across voltage source V via contact 46b.` Thrust bearing failure switch 48 also serves to connect white lamp 145W across voltage source V via contact 48b.

White lamp 180W and -high load reject relay coils HLR and HLTR are connected together in parallel and across the voltage source V via high load reject switch 45. A normally open set of contacts T connect green lamp 137g across voltage source V. Green lamp 137g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 23a of switch 23. Main stop valve switch 23 also serves to connect red lamp 138r across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts T and contact 23b. Another set of normally open contacts T and a set of normally open contacts HLR are connected together in parallel and serve to connect green lamp 139g across voltage source V. Green lamp 139g is `also connected across voltage source V via contact 24a of switch 24. The governor valve switch 24 also serves to connect red lamp 1401' across voltage source V via a set of normally closed closed contacts HLR and a set of normally closed contacts T and contact 2,415. Another set of normally open contacts T and another set of normally open contacts HLR are connected together in parallel and serve to connect green la-rnp 143g across voltage so-urce V. Green lamp 143g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 25a of switch 25. Intercept valve switch 25 also serves to connect red lamp 144r across voltage source V via normally closed contacts HLR, normally closed contactsrT and contact 25b. A still further set of normally open contacts T serve to connect green lamp 141g across voltage sour V. Green lamp 141g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 26a of switch 26. Reheat stop valve switch 26 also serves to connect red lamp 142r across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts T and contact 26h.

White lamps 147W, 148W, 149W and 150W are respectively connected across voltage source V via initial pressure regulator switch 41, oil level high-low switch 43, turbine bearing oil pressure low switch 44 and hydraulic pressure low switch 42. Further, load limit runback cutoff switch S4 serves to connect white lamp 146W across voltage source V via a set of normally open contacts 62-2C and contact 54h. White alarm lamp 86W is connected in parallel with white lamp 146W and is connected across voltage source V via parallel paths including Contact 21a of switch 21 and contact 22a of switch 22. A set of normally open contacts 86-12 serve to connect green lamp 153g across voltage source V. Green lamp 153g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 2lb of switch 21. Turbine drive boiler feed pump A switch 21 also serves to connect red lamp 1541' across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12 and contact 21C. Another set of normally open contacts 86-12 serves to connect green lamp 151g across voltage source V. Green lamp 151g is also connected across source V via contact 2212 of switch 22. Turbine drive boiler feed pump B switch 22 also serves to connect red lamp 152r across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12 and contact 22C. White lamp 94W is connected across the voltage source V via contact 31a of switch 31. A purge switch 31 also serves to connect latch relay coil PARR across voltage source V via contact 32a of `switch 32 and contact 31a. The PARR relay coil is also connected across the source V via a set of normally closed contacts SUFD and a set of normally closed contacts TDFD. Switch 31 also serves to connect white lamp 95W across voltage source V via a set of normally open contacts TDFD and Contact 3111. B purge switch 32 `also serves to connect white lamp 96W across voltage source V via Contact 32h. Switch 32 also serves to connect latch relay coil PARO across voltage source V via a set of normally open contacts SUFD, contact 33a of switch 33, contact 31C of switch 31 and Contact 32C. Diierential across economizer switch 33 also serves to connect white lamp 99W across voltage source V via parallelly connected normally opened contacts TDFD and SUFD and contact 33h. A purge switch 31 also serves to connect white lamp 97W in parallel with the PARO relay coil. White lamp 97W may also be connected across the voltage source V by switch 32 via Contact 32e and the parallelly connected normally open contacts SUFD and T DFD.

A set of normally open relay contacts 86-12T serve to connect green light 106g across voltage source V. Green lamp 100g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 3a of switch 3. Turbine driven draft fan switch 3 also serves to connect red lamp ltllr and a relay coil TDFD connected in parallelly therewith across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12T, contact 1a of switch 1 and contact 3b. A green lamp 102g is `connected across voltage source V via contact 2a of switch 2. Start up draft fan switch 3 also serves to connect red lamp 1031- and a relay coil SUFD connected in parallel therewith across voltage source V via contact 2b and contact 1a of switch 1. Green lamp 92g is connected across voltage source V via contact 1b of switch 1. Stack breeching damper switch 1 also serves to connect red lamp 931' across voltage source V via contact 1c.

Referring now specifically to the portion of the circuit diagram illustrated in FIGURE 7, there is shown a continuation of conductors L1 and L2. Starting from the top and proceeding to the bottom there is shown a relay coil MT connected across conductors L1 and L2 and hence across voltage source V via a pair of parallelly connected normally open relay contacts 86-12 and FT. A relay coil FT is connected across voltage source V via contact 34a of switch 34, or contact 38a of switch 38, or a set of normally closed contacts 630 and Contact 35a of switch 35, or the parallelly connected normally open contacts PART, MFPT, T, HLRT. FD fan discharge pressure switch 34 also serves to connect white lamp 98W across voltage source V via contact 34b. Boiler circulator water differential switch 38 also serves to connect white lamp 135W across voltage source V via contact 38b. One mill running switch 35 also serves to connect white alarm lamp 72W across voltage source V via contact 35b. White alarm lamp 73W is connected in parallel with relay coil FT so as to be energized when the FT relay coil is energized.

Parallelly connected relay coils FTT-T (timer) and FTT-l are connected across voltage source V via a pair of series connected normally open contacts FT having a set of normally closed contacts OGX connected in parallel with one set of FT contacts, and a set of normally open FTT contacts in parallel with the other set of FT contacts.

A set of normally opened contacts MT serve to connect green lamp 112g across voltage source V. Green lamp 112g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 11a of switch 11. A mill switch 11 also serves to connect red lamp 113r across voltage source V via contact 11b, contact 6a of switch 6, a set of normally closed contacts MT and a set of normally opened contacts PARO. A pilot torch switch 6 also serves to connect red lamp 1181 across voltage source V via contact 6b, a set of normally open contacts 630 and a set of normally open contacts PARO. Switch 11 also serves to connect relay coil OGX across voltage source V via contact 11e, contact a of switch 5, normally open contacts 630 and normally open contacts PARO. Another set of normally open contacts MT serve to connect green lamp 110g across the voltage source V. Green lamp 110g is also connected across the source via contact 12a of switch 12. B mill switch 12 also serves to connect red lamp 111r across voltage source V via normally closed contacts MT and normally open contacts PARO, contact 7a of switch 7 and contact 12b. B pilot torch switch 7 also serves to connect red lamp 117r across voltage source V via normally opened contacts 630 and PARO, and contact 7b. Switch 12 also serves to connect relay coil OGX across voltage source V via normally open contacts 630 and PARO via contact 5a of switch 5 and contact 12C.

A st-ill further set of MT contacts serve to connect green lamp 168g across voltage source V. Green lamp 168g is also connected across the voltage source V via Contact 13a of switch 13. C mill switch 13 also serves to connect red lamp 109: across voltage source V via contact 13b, contact Sa of switch 8, normally closed contacts MT -and normally open contacts PARO. C pilot torch switch 8 also serves to connect red lamp 1161' across voltage source V via norma-lly opened contacts 630 and PARO. Switch 13 also serves to connect relay coil OGX across source V via contact 13C, contact 5a of switch 5 and normally open contacts 630 and PARO. A still further set of normally open contacts MT serve to connect green lamp 106g across voltage source V. Green lamp 106g .is also connected across the source via contact 14a of switch 14. D mill switch 14 also serves to connect red lamp 107r across volt age source V via Contact 14b, contact 9a of switch 9, and normally open contacts 630 and PARO. Switch 14 also serves to connect relay coil OGX across voltage source V via contact 14C, contact 5a of switch 5 and normally open contacts 630 and PARO. A still further set of normally open contacts MT serve to connect green lamp 104g across voltage source V. Green lamp 104g is also connected across the voltage source V via contact 15a of switch 15. E mill switch 15 also serves to connect red lamp 105r across the voltage source V via normally closed relay contacts MT, normally open contacts PAIRO, contact 15b and contact 10a of switch 10. E pilot torch switch 10 also serves to -connect red lamp 114r across voltage source V via contact 10b and normally open contacts 630 and PARO. Switch 15 also serves to connect relay coil OGX across voltage source V via contact 15C, contact 5a of switch 5 and normally open contacts 630 and PARO. Green lamp 121g is connected across voltage source V via a set of normally closed contacts 630. Green lamp 121g is also connected across voltage source V via contact 5b of switch 5. Oil guns switch 5 also serves to conne-ct parallelly connected red lamps 1121l and 123r across voltage source V via conta-ct 5c and normally open contacts 630 and PARO.

Green lamp 119g and white alarm lamp 74W are connected together in parallel across voltage source V via contact 4a -of switch 4. Fuel oil solenoid switch 4 also serves to connect red lamp 120r, which is connected in parallel with a series circuit including normally closed contacts FT, normally closed contacts 86- 12 and a relay coil 630 across volt-age source V via contact 4b. White lamp 125W is connected across voltage source V via switch 36. Drum level high switch 36 also serves to connect relay coil DLM across voltage source V. Drum level low switch 37 serves to connect white lamp 126W across voltage source V. White alarm lamp W is connected in parallel with a timer relay coil PART and across voltage source V via a set of normally open contacts PA'RR. White lamp 124W is connected in parallel with a series circuit including white alarm lamp 71W and a set of normally open contacts HFPT and also in parallel with a timer relay coil HFPT across the voltage source V via high furnace pressure switch 39. Having described the structure of the preferred embodiment of the invention, attention will now be directed toward the operation.

DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION The simulator according to this invention may be used to simulate the important major sequences of safe and proper operation of an electric power generating plant. However, prior to such use the simulator must be placed in an initial condition corresponding to a no-load, standby -condition of the simulated power plant.

First, in the operating switch portion C switches 2, 3, 5 to 19, 21, 22 and 30 should be placed in the OFF position. Place switches 1, 4, 23, 24 and 25 in the CLOSED position. Further, place switches 26, 27, 28 and 29 in the TRIPPED position.

Second, in the condition and trouble portion D pla-ce switches 31, 32, 34, 38, 52 and 53 in the LOW position. Place switch 35 in the OFF position. Also, place switches 33, 36, 37, 39 to 50, 54 to 68 in the NOR- MA position.

With the circuit of the simulator connected across voltage source V via lines L1 and L2 and with the various switches positioned as indicated above yand as shown in FIGURES 5, 6 and 7, the various relays and lamps are in the condition indicated by Table l.

4Table Table I-Continued HFPT Lznps in Display Portion Green lamp 9210 011, Red 93 oil White lamp 9410 and 9610 on. White lamp 9510' and 97wfofi." White lamp 75111 on.

Stack Damper Purge Interlocks Low Air Flow Start up Fan Turbine Driven Fan Pulverizer Mill Pulverizer Mill Main Solenoid.

Mill Pilot Torches Oil Guns Oil Pilot Torches Boiler Circulators Boiler CirculatingY Water Low Dif Main Stop Valves 1 Governor Valves Hot Reheat Stops Intercept Valves Thrust Bearing Failure Load Limit Operaton Initial Press Regu1ator Bearing Oil Press. Low-" Hydraulic Header Press.

Low Oil Level ig Boiler FeedvPump Manual Lever Remote Pushbutton- Low vacuum."

Exhaust. Hood. Generator Din.

Zero Megawatts.. Main Trans. Sud

Sudden Press Station Service Trans Neutral Current Station Service Trans.

Overload Normal Supply Breaker.

Start Supply Breaker 1l kv. Station Start up Supply Protection.

Start up Trans. Neutral Current.

Turbiie Drive FD Fan Trip-de-energize Operates 86-12T-de-energized. Unit Trip Relay-de-energized.

Generator Breaker Closed Interlockde-energized.

energized.

.. Start up Transformer Protection-de- (Timer) Load Limit Rnnback, Unit Trip Interlock-energized.

Load Limit Runback Back, Interlockenergized.

Turbine Trip-de-energized.

(Timer) High Load Reject-d e-energized. High Load Reject-de-energized.

Latching Relay with PARRCoil ener,-

gized and PARO Coil de-energized. 5 Turbine Driven FD Fan Running Interlock-de-energized.

` Start Up Fan Running, Interlock-deenergized. Mill Trip-energized.

Fuel Trip Interlock-energized. Turbine Trip Interlock-energized. Turbine Trip Interlock-energized.

y gized. Pilot Torch Interlock-de-energized.

Drum Level High nterlock-de-energized. (Timer) Purge Time Interlock Completion-energized- (Timer) High FurnaeePressure Interlock-de-energized.

'White lamp 9910 011,

Green'imp 112g, nog, insg, 106g, 104g nedainps i051, 1011, 1091, nir, 1131 Greetri ,lamp 119g "on, Red lamp 1201 Redliimps 1141, 1151, 11er, 1111, nsf

Red lamp 1231' 011.

White lamp 12410 05.

White lamp 12510 oft White lamp 126111 011.

Green lamps 127g, 12951310 and 133g "on, Red lamps 1281', 1301,, 1321, 1341' White lamp 13510 on. White lamp 13610 oi Green lamp 141g on, Red lamp 1421 Greef?l lamp 143g on, Red 1amp144r .o 1,

White lamp 14510 011. White lamp 146109011. White lamp 14710"ol. White lamp '14910 oi."

white lamp 1501v on White lamp 14810 oi Green lampsvllg and 153g on,"- Red lamps 1521 and 15fir 011. White lamp 15610 oft White lamp 15710 0i." White lamp 15810 oth White lamp 15910 011. White lamp 16010 oi." White lamp 161111 011. White lamp 16210 oit White lamp 16310 oi1."

White lamp 16410 oi White lamp 16510 oi White lamp 16610 011.

White lamp 167111 Uofi.

White lamp 16810 oi Greeiri lamp 169g on, Red lamp 1701 White'lamp 18210 oi."

White lamp 18310 oi RelaSys-C'ontinued tart up Trans. Sudden Pressure. Stator Oil Temp. High.-. Stator Oil Low Press Stator Oil Dil. Low.

White lamp 18410 ofi."

White lamp 17510 oli White lamp 17610 ofi White lamp 17710 on."

Lamps in Alarm Portion B:

Boiler Trip One Mill Running lamp High Furnace Press Green lamp 173g 0n,

White lamp 7310 on." White lamp 7210 011. White lamp 7110 oi."

Low Air Flow White lamp 7510 on Fuel Oil Press. Low- White lamp 7410 on." Turbine Tr' White lamp 8210 o."

Load Limit Runback White lamp 8610 oi." White lamp 9110 oft Unit Trip (A) START UP SEQUENCE The simulator oi the present invention is now in proper condition for an operator to simulate start up procedure of the simulated power plant, indicated by the graphic iiow pattern appearing on display pontion A in FIGURE 1. The start up procedure should be in accordance with the :following sequence ot operation:

(1) Closure of the start up supply breaker, represented by lamps 1721l and 171g, is simulated byl placing the start up supply breaker switch 29 in the closed position. From FIGUR-E 5 it is apparent 'that green llarnp 171g will beydeenergized a-nd red lamp 1721' will be energized by voltage source V via oon-tact 29b of switch 29 and a set of normally closed contacts 86-4, to thereby indicate that the start up supply breaker -is yclosed and operating.

(2) Opening of the stack breeching damper, represented by lamps 92g and 93r, is simulated Iby placing switch \1 in the open position. The stack breeching damper is conventionally located at the base of the eX- haust gas exit stack in a power gener-ating plant. The function of the damper is to isolate the exit stack from the boiler 4when maintenance work is required. Closure of switch 1 (FIGURE 6) results in de-energizing green lamp 92g and energizing red lamp 931' to thereby indicate opening of the stack breeching damper.

(3) Energization of start up dnaft fan, represented by lamps 103r vand 102g, is simulated by placing start up draft fan switch 2 in the on position and the FD fan discharge pressure switch 34 in the nomma position. Conventionally the start up draft fan is =a motor driven fan used to supply air for the combustion of iucl during the initial stamt up of the power plant when there is not suflicicnt steam available. Placing switch 2 (FIGURE 6) in the onv position de-energizesA green lamp 102g and energizes red lamp 1031l via contact 1a of switch 1 and Contact 2b of switch 2 to thereby indicate that the start up fan is energized. Further, placing switch 2 in the on position also energizes start up fan discharge relay SUFD via contact 1a of switch 1 and contact 2b of switch 2. Encrgization of the SUFD relay coil results in closure of the normally open SUFD contacts in the circuit off the PARO relay coil so as to thereby `set up a permissive for purging. Energization of 'the relay coil SUFD also results in opening the normally closed SUFD contacts in the PARR relay coil circuit so as to thereby de-energize or release one-half orf-thc parallel circuit oi the -PARR relay coil. Thus, upon placing either switch 31 or 32 in the high position, the PARR coil will be dc-energized. At this time in the sequence of operation it will be noted that all normal-ly closed SUFD contacts are closed and all normally lclosed SUFD contacts are open. Closure of switch 34 (FIGURE 7) by placing the lswitch in the norma position fle-energizes white lamp 98W and releases part oi the FT relay coilfoircuit.

(4) Placing a `diiierential across the economizer, represented by white lamp 99W, is simulated by positioning switch 33 in the high position. This simulates proper 1 l air flow through the boiler to setup a purge permissive for the initial light oli of the boiler to prevent furnace explosion. The differential is the result of flow through the tube section.

Positioning switch 33 (FIGURE 6) in the high position results in energizing white lamp 99W via the normally yopen contacts SUFD in the PARO Irelay coil circuit, which closed by virtue of step 3. Also, by so positioning switch 33 a second phase of establishing a purge permissive circuit has been established, as will be apparent from the description which follows.

(5) Purging of the system, represented by purge interlock white lamps 94W, 95W, 96W and 97W is simulated by positioning A and B purge switches 31 and 32 in the high position. White lamps 94W and `and 96W indicate low tair flow and white lamps 95W and 97w indicate high air flow. Purging is conwentionally lrequired in .the operation of la power plant to prevent boiler furnace explosions during :ini-tial light oli or during normal operation if insuicient combustion prevails.

Placing switches 31 and 32 in the high positions results in energizing white lamps 95W and 97W via previously closed contacts SUFD in the PARO relay coil circuit. Further, by so positioning switches 31 and 32 white lamps 94W yand 96W are de-energized. This also de-energ'izes relay coil PARR and energizes relay `coil lPARO of the PAR latch relay. De-energization of relay coil PARR results in opening of contacts PARR (FIGURE 7) to thereby de-energize white lamp 75W `and de-energize timer relay coil PART to thereby start purge time. Timing begins upon de-energization of relay coil PART. Further, by so positioning switches 31 and 32 all normally open PARR contacts are open and all normally closed PARR contacts are closed. Also by so positioning switches 31 and 32, the PARO normally open contacts are closed fand the PARO normally closed contacts are opened. Thus, for example, the PARO normally closed contacts in the mill and pilot torch circuit (FIGURE 7) are closed so as to establish a purge interlock for starting the mills and pilot torches. The purge timer relay coil PART will time out two minutes and thereafter be de-energ-ized so las tto render the normally open PART contacts in the FT relay coil circuit open to release part of ythe -parallel FT (Fuel Trip) relay coil circuit.

(6) Energization of A boiler feed pump, represented by `lamps 153g and 154i', is simulated by placing switch 21 in the on position. The turbine boiler feed pump A in a conventional power plant is provided to supply water to the boiler under normal operating conditions. For example, such a pump can supply approximately 60% of full load requirements. As shown in the llow diagram in portion A (FIGURE la) a second such pump B, represented by lamps 151g and 152r, is provided for full loading of the unit. By so positioning switch 21 (FIG- URE 6) lamp 153g is de-energized and lamp 154r is energized via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12 and contact 21c of switch 21. Further, by so positioning switch 21 a portion of the parallel circuit for the load limit runback, represented by switch 54, is opened.

(7) Energization of A, B, C, D boiler circulating pumps, respectively, represented by lamps 133g and 134r, 131g and 132r, 129g and 130r, 127g and 12-8r, is simulated by placing switches 16, 17, 1S and 19 in the on position and placing switch 38, the boiler circulating water differential switch in the normal position. The A, B, C and D boiler circulating pumps are conventionally located within the boiler circulating or ilow loop and are used to insure adequate ilow of water through all boiler wall tube areas to prevent burning out, or overheating of the tubes. Whereas four such pumps are represented in FIGURE l, three are usually su'icient for normal full load operation of `a power generating plant. By so positioning switches 16, 17, 18 and 19 (FIG- URE 5) lamps 133g,\131g, 129g, and 127g will respectively be de-energized and lamps 134r, 132r, 1301' and 1281l 12. will be energized to thereby indicate that the pumps are operating. By placing switch 38 (FIGURE 7) in the normal position, white lamp 135w will be deenergized and in addition a portion of the parallel circuit of the FT relay coil will be released.

At this stage in the sequence of operation, the FT (Fuel Trip) relay coil is completely de-energized. This is because switches 34 and 318 are now in their open or normal position yand switch 35 is in its open posi-tion, and the normally open contacts PART, HFPT, T and HLRT are open. Thus, -all normally closed FT contacts are now closed and 'all normally open FT contacts are no-w open. Thus, for example, in FIGURE 7, the normally closed FT contacts in the circuit of the oil solenoid switch 4 are now closed thereby establishing a permissive circuit for the fuel oil solenoid. IFurther, the normally open FT contacts in the circuit of the MT relay coil are now open so as to de-energize the MT relay coil. De-energization of relay coil MT results in opening the normally open relay contacts MT in the circuits of green lamps 112g, 110g, 106g and 104g, which represent mills A through E, respectively. Further, de-energization of relay coil MT closes normally closed contacts MT in the circuit of lamps 113r, 111r, 1091, 107r and 1051', respectively, representing pilot torches A through E (8) Opening of the main oil valve, represented by lamp-s r and 119g, is simulated by placing main fuel oil valve switch 4 in the open position. The main oil valve is conventionally -a master safety shut-off supply valve for the oil feeding the mill pilot vtorches and oil guns. By so positioning switch 4 (FIGURE 7) green lamp 119g .and white alarm lamp 74w are de-energized, lamp 120r is energized to indicate that the valve is open, and relay coil 630 is energized via norm-ally closed contacts FT tand 86-1-2. Thus, all normally open contacts 630 are closed and all norm-ally closed contacts 630 are open. For example, normally open contacts 630 in the circuit of red lamps 114r, 1151', 1116r, 117r and 118r are closed establishing a mill pilot torch permissive interlock. Further, energization of relay coil 630 opens normally closed contacts 630 in the circuit of boiler trip alarm lamp 73W. Still further, energization of relay coil 630 opens normally closed contacts 630 in the circuit of lamp 121g, representing oil guns.

(9) At this point in the sequence of operation, the simulator is now in condition to simulate ignition in the boiler. Ignition of the fuel oil gun, represented by lamps 121g and 122r, is simulated by placing oil gun switch 5 in the on position. Fuel oil guns, or burners, are used in la conventional power generating plant to initially warm up the boiler vand to keep coal burning conditions stabilized when operating with one mill, i.e., operating on one of a plurality of coal pulverizing and feeding means at low load conditions. By so positioning switch 5 (FIG- URE 7), green lamp 121g is de-energized and red lamp 122r is energized to indicate that the oil gun is 'openating and the fuel is burning. iFurther, by so positioning switch 5 red lamp 123r will be energized via normally open contacts `630 and PARO which were previously closed in steps 8 and 6, respectively. Red lamp 1231' represents that the oil pilot torch (FIGURE 1A) is operating. Still further, by so positioning switch 5 a permissive interlock for relay coil OGX is obtained by virtue of contact 5a of switch 5. Thus, upon placing any of the mill switches 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 to yan on position the relay coil OGX will be energized.

10) At this stage in the sequence of operation, the simulator is in condition to simulate operation of the turbo generator. Energization of the stator oil pumps, represented by lamps 178g and 1791', is simulated by placing switch 30 in the on position. Conventionally, such oil pumps are used to circulate cooling oil through the generator stator bar windings land to maintain a minimum expansion of material due to a temperature differential existing at various loads on the generator. By so posi- 13 tioning switch 30 (FIGURE 5), green lamp 178g is deenergized and red lamp 178r is energized via normally closed contacts 86-12 and contact 36h of switch 30.

In addition to so positioning the stator oil pump switch 30, simulation of the stator oil system should be made to indicate that the stator oil system is in a normal condition. High oil temperatures of the system are represented by lamp 175W, low oil pressure conditions of the system are represented by lamp 176W and low oil differential conditions of the system are indicated by lamp 177W. Simulation of norm-al conditions of the stator oil system is had by placing switches 51, 52 and S3 in their normal positi-ons. By so positioning swithes 51, 52 and 53 (FIGURE 5) white lamps 175W, 176W and 177W are deenergized so as to indicate that the stator oil system is in a normal condition. Further, 'by positioning the switches, timer relay coil 62-C1 and relay coil 62-C2 are de-energized. De-energization of timer coil 62C1 opens the normally open contacts 62-01 in the circuit of load limit runback cutoff switch 54 (FIGURE 5). De-energization of relay coil 62-C2 releases a portion of the parallel circuit of the load limit runback cutoi switch 54 by opening normally open contacts 62-C2 (FIGURE 6).

(11) Opening of the main stop valves, governor valves, intercept valves and reheat stop valves respectively represented by lamps 137g and 1381', 139g and 1401', 141g7 and 1421', 143g and 144r is simulated by respectively placing switches 23, 24, 2S and 26 in the open positions. Conventionallyall of these valves are part of a main turbine which drives the generator. The valves serve to control admission of steam from the boiler to the turbine, back to the boiler for reheating and then back to the tunbine once again, and to isolate the steam from the boiler during normal shut-downs or emergency trip outs. The valves are generally hydraulically operated from the main turbine hydraulic oil supply pumps.

By so positioning switches 23, 24, 25 and 26 (FIGURE 6), green lamps 137g, 139g, 143g and 141g will be deenergized and red lamps 138r, 140r, 144r and 1421 will be energizedvia a set of norm-ally closed contacts T in the circuit of the red lamps to thereby indicate that the valves are open.

(12) Synchronization of the generator by closing the generatorl breaker, represented by lamps 173g and 1741', is simulated by placing switch 27 `in the closed position. Conventionally in an electric generating plant the generator breaker is the main breaker used to connect the generator output to the lineload. It is also used to instantaneously cut off the generator from the line load in the event of electrical side faults or trouble to thereby protect the generator.

By so positioning switch 27 (FIGURE 5), green lamp 173g is de-energized and red lamp 1741' is energized via normally closed contacts 86-12. Further, by so positioning switch`27 relay coil 52A is energized via contact 27b of switch 27. Thus, all normally open contacts 52A are closed and all normally closed contacts 52A are opened. For example, the normal-ly open contactsSZA in the circuits of white lam-ps 162W, 163W, 136W are closed to thereby establish an interlocking circuit for unit trip white alarm lamp 91W in the event that simulation is later made of loss of excitation megawatts, or O steam flow by respectively placing switch 59 in the lost lposition and switches 60 and 40 in the 0 positions. The significance of such events will be more apparent lfrom the, description of simulated conditions and malfunctions which follows.

(13) At this state .in the sequence `of operation the simulator is in condition for simulating the starting of the A and B mills. Simulation of ignition of mill pilot torches A and B, respectively represented by lamps 1181' and 1171', is obtainedby placing switches 6 and 7 in the on position. Conventionally the mill pilot torches or ignitors A, 13, C, D, are small capacity oil burners used to ignite coal from the mill as it is fed into the furnace, or the larger capacity warm up oil burners. By so -positioning switches 6 and 7 (FIGURE 7) red lamps 1181A and 1171' are respectively energized via the normally open contacts 630 and PARO now closed by virtue of prior steps 8 and 5, to thereby indicate that the A and B pilot torches are ignited. Further, by so positioning switches 6 and 7 a permissive interlock is established for starting A and B mills represented by lamps 113r and 1111' respectively.

(14) Starting of A and B mills, respectively represented by lamps 112g and 1131', and 110g and 1111', is

simulated by placing switches 11 and 12 in the on position. Conventionally, the mills in an electric generating .plant are coal pulverizing equipment used to grind coal to a fine powder form and for blowing the powder form with air int-o the f-urnace. Five such mills: A, B, 0, D, E, are shown on display panel portion A of FIGURE 1 each, for example, simulating a mill having a capacity of approximately 24 tons .per hour.

By so positioning switches 11 and 12 (FIGURE 7) green lamps 112g and 110g are de-energized and red lamps 1131' and 1,11r are energized via a s et of normally closed contacts MT and the previously closed normally open contacts PARO, as well as by virtue of contacts 6b and 7b of switches 6 and 7, previously placed in the closed or on position in step 13. Further, by so positioning switches 11 and 12 the relay coil OGX will be energized via the now closed normally open contacts 630 and, PARO, contact 5a of -switch 5, lnow closed by virtue of step 9, and either of contacts 11e or 12C of switches 11 and 12.. Energization of relay coil OGX opens the normally closed contacts OGX in the circuit of the FTT-T and FIT-1 relay coils to thereby de-energize relay coils FTT-T and PTT-1 (the FT normally open contacts are now open by virtue of step 7 De-energization of -the FTT relay coils results in opening the normally open FTT thirty (30) minutes time delay contacts in the circuit of turbine trip alarm lamp 82W to thereby simulate a one-half hour fuel trip period.

(15) Starting of the main turbine driven fan, represented by lamps 100g and 1011', is simulated by placing switch 3 in the on position. Conventionally, the main turbine driven draft Vfan is a steam driven yfan used to supply air for combustion of fuel fed into the furnace. The amount of air fed is automatically controlled in relation to the fuel for maximum efiiciency. By so positioning switch 3 (FIGURE 6) green lamp 100g is deenergized and red lamp 101r is energized via normally closed contacts 86-12T and contact 1a of switch 1 (previously closed in step 2) to thereby indicate that the turbine driven fan is operating. Further, by so positioning switch 3, relay coil TDFD, connected in parallel with lamp 1011, is also energized. Thus, all normally open TDFD contacts are closed and all normally closed TDFD contacts are open. ForV example, the normally open TDFD contacts in the purge circuits represented by white lamps W, 97W and 99W are now closed. This permits shut-down of the startup fan represented by lamps 102g and 1031' since the above .mentioned set of normally opened TDFD contacts are in parallel with a set of normally open SUFD (start up fan driven) contacts in the same purge circuits. Further, by so positioning switch 3 the normally closed TDFD contacts in the circuit of the PARR relay coil are rendered open so as to thereby release a portion of the parallel circuit of the PARR relay coil.

(16) The simulator is now in condition to simulate shut down of the start up fan, represented by lamps 102g and 10317, the function of which was previously described .in step 3. Shut down of the start up fan is simulated by placing the switch 2 in the off position. By so positioning switch 2 (FIGURE 6), green lamp 102g is energized and red lamp 1l3r and relay coil SUFD are de-energized.

(17) The simulator is now in condition to simulate transferring of power from the start up transformer to the station service transformer by tripping the start up supply breaker, represented by lamps 171g and 1721 (previously described in step l), and closing the station service breaker, represented by lamps 169g and 1701', simulated by placing switch 28 in the closed position. Conventionally, the station `service breaker is an electrical power circuit breaker used to control power flow to the boiler turbine generator equipment from the main generator under normal operating conditions. This makes the unit self-sustaining, i.e., the main generator supplying power to its own auxiliary equipment. Further, in transferring to the station service transformer the start up supply breaker `switch 2.9 is .placed in the tripped position. By so positioning switches 28 and 29 (FIGURE 5), green lamp 169g and red lamp 1721' are de-energized and red lamp 170r and green lamp 171g are energized, the latter via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12 to indicate that power is now obtained from the station seivice transformer.

(18) At this stage in the sequence of operation, the simulator is in condition to `simulate complete full loading. Starting of the remaining mill pilot torches, i.e., C, D, E, respectively represented by red lamps 116r, 115r and 1141' (previously described in step 13), is simulated by placing switches 8, 9 and 10 in the on position. By so positioning switches 8, 9 and 1t) (FIG- URE 7) red lamps 1161', 1151' and 1141' are energized via the normally open contacts 630 and PARO, now closed by virtue of steps 8 and 5, respectively.

(19) Starting of the C, D and E mills, respectively represented by lamps 108g and 1091, 106g and 107r and 104g and 1051' (previously described in step 14), is simulated by placing switches 13, 14 and 15 in the on positions. By so positioning switches 13, 14 and 15 (FIGURE 7) green lamps 108g, 106g, and 104g are de-energized and red lamps 109r, 107r and 1051' are energized via the now closed normally open contacts 630 and PARO.

Starting of the second boiler feed pump B, represented by lamps 151g and 1521 (previously described in step 6), is simulated by placing switch 22 in the on position. By so positioning switch 22 (FIGURE 6) green lamp 151g is de-energized and red lamp 1521' is energized via a set of normally closed contacts 86-12 to thereby indicate that boiler feed pump B is operating. Further, by so positioning switch 22 a portion of the parallel circuit, i.e., contact 22a of switch 22, in the load limit runback circuit of contact 54b of switch 54 is released.

(21) Shut down of the oil gun and pilot torch, respectively represented by lamps 121g and 1221 and 1231' (previously described in step 9), and of the mill pilot torches A through E, respectively represented by lamps 1181, 1171', 1161', 115r and 114r (previously described in steps 13 and 18), is simulated by placing switches 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 in the olf positions. By so positioning switches 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 (FIGURE 7), green lamp 121g is energized and red lamps 1141', 1151', 1161', 117r, 1181, 1221 and 1231' are de-energized to thereby indicate that the oil gun and the pilot torches are not operating.

At this stage in the operation sequence the simulator simulates that all conditions are normal for full loading of the power generating plant. Attention will now be directed toward simulation of conditions and malfunctions that might be encountered in the operation of such a plant due to, for example, component failure or lack of proper auxiliary equipment capacity.

At this stage in the operation, the simulator is in proper condition for simulating various conditions and malfunct-ions which might `occur during the operation of a power generating plant, as depicted in the graphic flow pattern CTI 16 display portion A of FIGURE 1. The simulated conditions and malfunctions are as follows:

(1) Loss of proper combustion air is represented by purge interlock white lamps 94W and 96W. Lamps 95W and 97W represent high air flow and lamps 94W and 96W represent low a-ir iiow. Conventionally, purge interlocks are provided to insure adequate scavenging of combustibles from the furnace before oil or coal is admitted and ignited. The primary purpose of purging is to prevent boiler furnace explosions during the initial light-off or dur-ing normal operation, if insufficient air prevails.

Loss of proper combustion air is simulated by placing A and B purge switches in the low positions. By so positioning switches 31 and 32 (FIGURE 6) white lamps W and 97W are de-energized and white lamps 94W and 96W are energized to indicate low air flow. Further, by so positioning switches 31 and 32, relay coil PARO is de-energized and relay coil PARR is energized via contact 32a of switch 32 and contact 31a of switch 31. Energization of relay coil PARR closes the normally open PARR contacts in the circuit of the PART timer relay coil (FIGURE 7) to thereby energize low air ilow alarm lamp 75W, and energize timer relay coil PART. Energization of low air ow alarm lamp 75w (alarm portion B of FIGURE 1) indicates that a state of insufficient combustion air is being supplied for the fuel fed to the boiler. The indication may also represent that a restriction of necessary air ow is developing in the furnace itself, or in the supply or discharge ducts, demanding maintenance inspection.

Energization of timer relay coil PART closes the normally open relay contacts PART in the circuit of relay coil FT (FIGURE 7) to thereby energize the relay coil FT and boiler trip alarm lamp 73w. Energization of boiler trip or fuel trip alarm lamp 73W (alarm portion B of FIGURE l) indicates that all mill motors are tripped and that the main fuel oil solenoid valve is closed not permitting the ow of fuel oil to both the mill pilot torches and the oil guns.

Energization of relay coil FT also closes the normally open contacts FT in the circuit of the FTT-T and FTI 1 relay coils (FIGURE 7) to thereby energize the FTT- T and FTT-1 coils. These relay coils are time delay relays representative of a thirty (30) minutes time delay, after which the normally open FTT contacts in the circuit of relay coil T and turbine trip alarm lamp 82W (FIG- URE 6) are closed to thereby energize relay coil T and alarm lamp 82W. Turbine trip alarm lamp 82W, when energized, indicates that all stop valves, control valves and intercept valves are closed, i.e., all turbine hydraulic control valves are closed preventing steam from entering the turbine.

Energization of relay coil FT opens the normally closed FT contacts in the circuit of relay coil 631) (FIG- URE 7) to thereby de-energize relay coil 630. De-energization of relay coil 630 causes the normally open contacts 630 in the circuit of pilot torch lamps 1141', 1151', 1161', 1171' and 1181' to be open, thereby de-energizing the pilot torch red lamps to ind-icate that the pilot torches are not operating. Further, de-energization of relay coil 630 closes the normally closed relay contacts 34) in the circuit of boiler trip alarm lamp 73W. If re-starting procedure is accomplished within one-half hour, i.e., going through purge sequence, wash out of the turbine trip will occur since, as previously described, the FTT-T relay coils simulate a thirty (30) minutes time delay before closure of the FTT contacts in the circuit of turbine trip relay coil T (FIGURE 6).

Energization of relay coil FT also closes the normally open contacts FT in the circuit of the relay coil MT to thereby energize relay coil MT. Energization of relay coil MT results in closure of the normally open contacts MT in the circuits of mill green lamps 104g,-106g, 108g, g and 112g (FIGURE 7) to thereby energize the mill green lamps indicating that the mills A through E are not operating.

(2) Fan discharge pressure low cond-ition, is represented by low air pressure lamp 98W. Simulation of fan discharge pressure low, which initiates fuel or boiler trip conditions, is obtained by placing switch 34 in the low posit-ion. By so positioning switch 34 (FIGURE 7) relay coil FT and lamp 98W are energized. Energization of relay coil FT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l.

(3) Boiler circulating water differential pressure low condition, represented by lamp 135W, refers to the dif* ferential condition developed across the boiler circulating tube sections by the boiler circulating pumps. A low condition is simulated by placing switch 38 in the low position. By so positioning switch 38 (FIGURE 7) lamp 135W and relay coil FT are energized. Energization of relay coil FT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l.

(4) One mill running without oil guns, represented by alarm lamp 72W, is the boiler trip condition in the pulverizing mill operation when the main oil solenoid is closed. This is simulated by placing switch 35 in the on position. By so positioning switch 35 (FIGURE 7) one mill running alarm lamp 72W, boiler trip alarm lamp 73W and relay coil FT are energized. Energization of the relay coil FT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l.

(5) High furnace pressure trip condition, represented by lamp 124W, refers to high pressure in the furnace resulting from gases of combustion and the abnormal restricted flow of these gases to the stack. This condition is simulated by placing switch 39 in the high position. By so positioning switch 39 (FIGURE 7) white lamp 124W and timer relay coil HFPT are energized. Energization of timer relay coil HFPT closes the normally open HFPT contacts in the circuit of the FT relay coil to thereby energize the FT coil. Energization of relay coil FT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l.

(6) High drum level condition, represented by lamp 125W, is indicative of the high water level in the steam drum of the boiler. The high level point being the level in the boiler drum which may cause adverse operating conditions such as carry-over of water with the stream to the superheater and turbine. This condition is simulated by placing switch 36 in the high position. By so positioning switch 36 (FIGURE 7) lamp 125W and relay coil DLH are energized. Energization of relay coil DLH results in the closure of the normally open contacts DLH in the circuit of relay coil T and turbine trip alarm lamp 82W (FIGURE 6) to thereby energize relay coil T and alarm lamp 82W. Energization of relay coil T results in closure of the normally open contacts T in the circuit of relay coil FT to thereby energize relay coil FT. Energization of relay coil FT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l.

(7) Overspeed conditions of the turbine, represented by lamp 156W, refers to speed of approximately of 8 to 10% over normal conditions. Conventionally, the normal turbine speed is substantially 3,600 r.p.m. Overspeed is simulated by placing switch 5t) in the high position. By so positioning switch 5) (FIGURE 6) lamp 156W and relay coil T are energized. Energization of relay coil T produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-l and B-6.

(8) Low vacuum condition, represented by lamp 158W,

refers to a vacuum pressure inthe range of 18 to 20 inches Hg. Conventionally, the normal pressure to which steam from the turbine is exhausted to secure maximum energy is 28 inches Hg. Knowledge of a lower than normal vacuum pressure is necessary to protect the exhaust or low pressure sections of the turbine from over heating.

Low vacuum conditions are simulated by placing switch 49 in the low position. By so positioning switch 49 18 (FIGURE 6), lamp 158W and relay coil T are energized. Energization of relay coil T produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-l and B-6.

(9) Tripping of the turbine manual lever, represented by lamp 155W, refers to a lever conventionally located on the front end of the main turbine and used for manual emergency shut-down of the turbine. Simulation of tripping the manual lever is obtained by placing switch 47 in the trip position. By so positioning switch 47 (FIG- URE 6), lamp 155W and relay coil T are energized. Energization of relay coil T produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-6 and B-l.

(l0) Operation of the turbine trip remote pushbutton, represented by lamp 157W, refers to a remotely operated turbine tripping device which is similar in purpose to that of the manual lever, described in step B-9. The pushbutton, when actuated, serves to shut down the turbine by dumping the hydraulic oil and shutting all steam valves on the turbine.

Actuation of the turbine trip remote pushbutton is simulated by placing switch 46 in the trip position. By so positioning switch 46 (FIGURE 6) lamp 157W and relay -coil T are energized. Energization of relay coil T produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-6 and B-l.

(ll) Thrust bearing failure, represented by lamp 145W, refers to failure of the bearing on the main turbine generator unit used to maintain desired rotating spindle clearances. Excessive wear of the bearing could cause rubbing of the turbine blades resulting in a complete shut down of the unit.

Simulation of thrust bearing failure is obtained by placing switch 4S in the fail position. By so positioning switch 48 (FIGURE 6) lamp 145W and relay coil T are energized. Energization of relay coil T produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-6 and B-l.

(12) Reduction of generator load to 0 megawatts, represented by lamp 163W, is simulated by placing switch 6ft in the zero position. By so positioning switch 60 (FIGURE 5), if turbine trip relay coil T has been previously energized, as in steps B-l through B-ll, closure of the normally open contacts T along with closure of switch 60 energizes relay coil 86-12 and time delay relay coil SG-IZTT, and also alarm lamp 91W. Energization of unit trip alarm lamp 91W indicates that both the turbine and the boiler have been tripped and thereby the generator oil circuit breaker, voltage regulator, and the field breaker are tripped open. Further, such a unit trip indicates that selected plant auxiliaries are disconnected from the generator and transferred to the start up source of power. Also such a unit trip indicates that the drive turbines for the boiler feed pumps are tripped, and the drive turbine for the FD fans is tripped after a time delay.

Energization of time delay relay coil 86-12TT causes closure of normally open contacts 86-12TT in the circuit of relay coil 86-12T to thereby energize relay coil 86- 12T. Energization of relay coil 86-12T closes the normally open contacts 86-12T in the circuit of the turbine driven forced draft fan lamp 100g to thereby energize lamp 100g (FIGURE 6). Energization of relay coil 86-12T also opens the normally closed contacts 86-'12T in the circuit of turbine driven fan lamp 1011' and relay coil TDFD (FIGURE 6) to thereby de-energize lamp llllr and relay coil TDFD. De-energization of relay coil TDFD opens the normally open contacts TDFD in the circuit of purge lamps W, 99W and 97W. Further, de-energization of relay coil TDFD closes the normally closed contacts TDFD in the circuit of the PARR relay coil so that upon de-energization of relay coil SUFD energization of relay coil PARR will result.

Energization of rel-ay coil Sti-l2 (FIGURE 5) opens the normally closed contacts 86-12 in the circuit of generator breaker lamp 1741', station service breaker lamp 1701', start up supply breaker lamp 171g and stator oil pump lamp 1791' (FIGURE 5) as well as opening the normally closed contacts 8642 in the circuitsof boiler feed pump lamps A and B, i.e., lamps 1541' and 1521' (FIGURE 6) so as to de-energize these lamps. Energization of relay coil 86-12 also closes the normally open contacts 86-12 in the circuits lof station service breaker lamp 169g, generator breaker lamp 173g, start up supply breaker Ilamp 172r and stator oil pump lamp 178g (FIGURE 5), as well as the normally open contacts 86-12 in the circuits of boiler feed pump lamps 153g and 151g (FIG- URE 6) so as to thereby energize these lamps.

(13) A sudden pressure increase in the main transformer, represented by lamp 164W, refers to a sudden increase in pressure in the m-ain power transformer cooling oil pressure system due to a fault, such as a winding failure. This is simulated by placing switch 64 in the high position. By so positioning switch 64 (FIGURE lamp 164W, as well as unit trip alarm lamp 91W, relay coil 86-12 and relay coil 86-12TT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-12.

(14) A sudden pressure increase in the station service transformer, represented by la-mp 166W, refers to a sudden increase in the cooling oil pressure system due to a fault, such as a winding failure. This is simulated by placing switch 62 in the high position. By so positioning switch 62 (FIGURE 5), lamp 166W, unit trip alarm lamp 91W, relay coil 615-12 and relay coil 86-12TT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TI produces the same effects and results las described in step B-12.

(15) Neutral current conditions of the station service transformer, represented by lamp 167W, refers to current flow in lthe conventionally neutral lead of the station service transformer. This is simulated by placing switch 61 in the ground position. By so positioning switch 61 (FIGURE 5) lamp 167W, unit trip alarm lamp 91W and rel-ay coils 86-12 and `86--12TT are energized. Ener-gization -of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces t-he same effects and results as described in step B12.

(16) Overload conditions of the station service transformer, represented by lamp 168W, refers to an overload condition resulting in excessive current flow. This `is simulated by placing switch 63 in the overload position. By so positioning switch 63 (FIGURE 5) lamp 168W, unit trip alarm lamp 91W and relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-12.

(17) Overall differential conditions, represented by lamp 165W, refers to an overall differential or unbal- 'ance of current ow across the main generator and main transformer. This is simulated by placing switch 58 in the high position. By so positioning switch 58 (FIG- URE 5), lamp 165W, unit trip alarm lamp 91W and relay coils 86-12 .are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-12.

(1S) High generator differential current flow, represented by lamp 160W, refers to excessive current flow `across the main generator. This is simulated by placing switch 57 in the high position. By so positioning switch 57 (FIGURE 5) lamp 160W, unit trip alarm lamp 91W, and relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l2.

(19) Generator ground conditions, represented by lamp 161W, refers to ground 4faults conditions, which in 'a conventional -power plant activate la voltage rel-ay across a loading resistor of the generator grounding transformer to initiate a unit trip of the generator, the turbine and the boiler. This is simulated by placing switch 56 in the ground position. By so positioning switch 56 (FIGURE 5), lamp 161W, unit trip lalarm lamp 91W and relay coils 86-12 and 8612TT are energized. Energiza- 20 tion of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12'I`T produces the same effects and results as described lin step B-12.

(20) Faults in the 132,000 kv. high voltage line relay protection circuit, represented by lamp 181W, are simulated by placing switch 65 in vthe trouble position. By so positioning switch 65 (FIGURE 5) lamp 181W, lamp 91W and relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and -results as described in step B-12.

(2l) Loss of excitation, represented by lamp 162W, refers to loss of the D C. power used to excite the field of the -main generator, conventionally 375 volts D.C. Loss of the excitation is simulated by placing switch 59 in the lost position. By so positioning switch 59 (FIGURE 5) white lamps 162W and 91W, and relay coils S642 and 86-12TT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86- 12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-12.

(22) Zero ste-am flow plus exhaust hood temperature at 225 F., represented by lamps 136W and 159W, refers to the dual conditions of no steam flow to the main turbine and the temperature of the last turbine section before the steam condenser, which is conventionally limited by design requirements to approximately 225 F. These conditions are simulated by placing switch 4G in the "0 position and placing switch 55 in the high position. By so positioning switches 40 and 5S (FIGURE 5), lamps 136W, 159W, `91W and relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-l2.

(23) Start up transformer neutral condition, represented by white lamp 183W, refers to the start up power transformer protection using neutral current flow as an indication `of -a fault. Such a fault is simulated by placing switch 66 in the high position. By so positioning switch 66 (FIGURE 5) lamp 183W and relay coil 86-4 are energized. Energization of relay coil 86-4 opens the normally closed contacts 86-4 in the circuit of lamp 1721' to thereby cle-energize lamp 1721'. Further, energization of relay coils 86-4 closes the normally open contacts 86-4 in the circuit of lamp 171g to thereby energize lamp 171g. Still further, energiz-ation of relay coil 86-4 closes a set of normally open contacts 86-4 inthe circuit of lamp 91W and relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT to thereby energize lamp 91W and relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same effects and results as described in step B-lZ.

(24) Start up transformer sudden pressure increase, represented by lamp 184W, refers to a sudden increase in the cooling oil pressure system due to a fault, such as a winding failure. Such a sudden pressure increase is simulated by placing switch 67 in the high position. By -so positioning switch 67 (FIGURE 5) lamp 184W and relay coil 864 are energized. Energization of relay coil 86-4 produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-23 and B-lZ.

(25) Fault in the l1 kv. start up supply protection circuit, represented by lamp 182W, is simulated by placing switch 68 in the trouble position. By so positioning switch 68 (FIGURE 5) lamp 182W and relay `coil 86-4 are energized. Energization of relay coil 86-4 produces the same effects and results as described in steps B-23 and B-12.

(26) Stator oil temperature high condition, represented by lamp 175W, refers to the temperature of the stator cooling oil measured at the generator armature winding outlet. Simulation of high stator oil temperature is obtained by placing switch 51 in the high position. By so positioning switch 51 (FIGURE 5) lam-p 175, timer relay coil 62-C1 and relay coil 62-C2 are energized. Energization of timer relay coil 62-C1 after simulating a three minute time delay closes normally open Contacts 62-(21 in the circuit of load limit runback cutoff switch 54 (FIGURE 5). Thus when switch 54 is placed in the normal position lamp 91W, relay coils 86-12 and 86- IZTT are energized. Energization of relay coils 86-12 and 86-12TT produces the same results land elfects as described in Step B-12.

Energization of relay coil 62-C2 closes normally open contact 62-C2 in the circuits of load limit runback alarm lamp 86W and lamp 146W (FIGURE 6) so that upon positioning switch S4 in the normal position, lamps 86W and 146W are energized.

Load limit runback alarm lamp 86W, when energized, indicates a condition whereby the main turbine generator load is reduced automatically through a motor driven mechanism in the turbine generator control when preset limits on the equipment are exceeded. These preset limits are certain generator stat-or oil cooling temperatures and pressures, as well as loss of boiler feed pump capacity.

(27) Stator oil pressure low, represented by lamp 176W refers to the stator cooling oil pressure, measured at the discharge of the pumps in the stator oil cooling loop. A low condition is simulated by placing switch 52 in the low position. By so positioning switch 52 (FIGURE lamp 176W and relay lcoils 62-Cl and 62- C2 are energized. Energization of relay coils 62-C1 and 62-C2 produces the same effects and results as described in step B-26.

(28) Stator oil differential low, represented by lamp 177W, refers to the differential pressure developed across the stator armature windings of the main generator. A low differential indicates a lock of cooling oil flow. Such a low dilferential is simulated by placing switch 53 in the low position. By so positioning switch 53 (FIGURE 5) lamp 177W and relay coils 62-C1 and 62-C2 are energized. Energization of relay coils 62-C1 and 62-C2 produces the same effects and results as described in step B- (29) High load reject, represented by lamp 180W, refers to the condition of instantaneous unloading ofthe generator. This is simulated by placing switch 45 in reject position. By so positioning switch 45 (FIGURE 6) lamp 180W, relay coil HLR and time delay relay coil HLR-T are energized. Energization of relay coil HLR closes the normally open contacts HLR in the circuits of intercept valve lamp 143g and governor lamp 139g to thereby energize lamps 139g and 143g. Further, energization of relay coil HLR opens the normally closed contacts HLR in the circuits of governor lamp 14th and intercept valve lamp 1441:

Energization of relay coil HLR-T, after a simulated time delay of ve seconds, closes the normally open contacts HLRT in the circuit of relay coil FT (FIGURE 7) to thereby energize relay coil FT. Energization of relay coil FT produces the same effects and results as described in Step B-l.

(30) Turbine bearing oil pressure low condition, represented by lamp 149W, refers to low lubrication pressure at the main turbine bearing. This condition is simulated by placing switch 44 in the low position. By so positioning switch 44 (FIGURE 6) lamp 149W is energized to indicate the low oil pressure condition.

(3l) Hydraulic header pressure low conditions, represented by lamp 150W, refers to low pressure conditions of the oil used in the turbine governor control system for operation of the turbine valves. The low oil pressure conditions are simulated by placing switch 42 in the low position. By so positioning switch 42 (FIGURE 6) lamp 150W is energized to indicate the low oil pressure conditions.

(32) Turbine oil level high-low conditions, represented by lamp 148W, refers to the deviation from the normal level of the oil in the turbine system storage tank. The oil is used for bearing lubrication and in the hydraulic control system. Either high or low level deviations from the normal level are simulated by placing switch 43 in the high-low position. By so positioning switch 43 (FIG- 22 URE 6) lamp 148W is energized to indicate that the level of oil in the storage tank deviates from the normal level.

(33) Operation of the initial pressure regulator, represented by lamp 147W, refers to the conventionally used pressure control on the main turbine generator which automatically reduces the load if the boiler pressure starts to decay to a predetermined level. The regulator protects the turbine from possible carry over of water and rapid decay of boiler pressure and temperatures. Operation of the regulator is simulated by placing switch 41 in the operation position. By so positioning switch 41 (FIG- URE 6) lamp 147W will be energized to indicate that the regulator is operating.

(34) Drum level low conditions, represented by lamp 126W, refers to a low water level in the steam drum of the boiler. Such a low level is simulated by placing switch 37 in the low position. By so positioning switch 37 (FIGURE 7) lamp 126W is energized to indicate that the level of water in the steam drum is low.

Although this invention has been particularly described with respect to the simulation of the structural arrangement and operation of an electrical power generating plant, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but encompasses simulation of other functional systems. Accordingly, the components of the simulated plant are to be considered as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Similarly, the invention is not limited to the specific circuitry and indicating means disclosed.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for simulating the correct start up procedures required to start up a functional system comprising a series of operating components from a nonoperative condition to an operative normal running condition in which said components are brought into operation in a predetermined sequence and comprising:

a panel having a display portion graphically illustrating various components of said system;

rst and second lamps located adjacent each illustrated component for respectively representing a nonoperating and an operating condition of said component;

a plurality of start up switches each having a rst and second position respectively representative of a cornponent nonoperating condition and a component operating condition;

a circuit connecting said start up switches with said lamps and a source of energizing voltage; said circuit including sequence responsive controlling means for controlling energization of said second lamps only in response to a predetermined sequence of positioning said switches from said first to said second positions, whereby if said predetermined sequence is not followed energization of all of said second lamps will not occur representative that the co1'- rect start up procedures have not been followed;

said sequence responsive controlling means includes relays having relay coils and associated relay contacts operated by said relay coils, said relay coils being electrically connected with selected ones of said start up switches; and,

said associated relay contacts being connected in series with selected ones of said start up switches and selected ones of said second lamps, whereby said selected second lamps will be energized upon positioning of said selected switches to the second position only when said associated relay contacts are closed by said associated relay coils.

2. An apparatus as set forth in claim l including timing means and switching means controlled thereby, each said timing means being connected to said voltage source by one of said associated relay contacts to commence timing a predetermined period of time upon opening of said relay contacts and controlling the operation of a said switching means upon the termination of said period of time.

3. Apparatus for simulating the correct start up procedures for a boiler of a power generating plant and comprising:

a voltage source;

a first lamp representative, when energized, of a Stack breeching damper being open;

a first double pole switch having two poles simultaneously movable betwen a first and second switch position, one of said poles connecting said first lamp across said source when said first switch is in its second position to thereby energize said rst lamp;

a second lamp representative, when energized, of a start up draft fan being on;

a second single pole switch movable between first and second positions, said second switch and said other pole of said first switch being connected together in series with said second lamp across said source so that said second lamp will be energized only when both said first and second switches are each in their second position;

a first relay having a normally de-energized relay coil and a set of normally open relay contacts which become closed upon energization of said relay coil, said relay coil being connected in series with said other pole of said first switch and said second switch across said voltage source, whereby said relay coil will become energized when both said first and secand switches are in their second position;

a third lamp representative, when energized, of placing a differential across an economizer;

a third double pole switch movable between a first and second position, one of said poles being connected in series with said third lamp and said normally open relay contacts of said first relay across said source so that said third lamp will be energized only when the relay coil of said rst relay is energized and said third switch in is in its second position.

4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 including:

a fourth double pole double throw switch movable between a first and second position;

a fifth double pole double throw switch movable between a first and second position;

a second relay having a relay coil connected across said source by said fourth and fifth switches for energization thereby when said fourth and fifth switches are in their first position;

said second relay having a set of contacts closed upon energization of said second relay coil and connected in series with a parallel circuit across said source;

said parallel circuit including a fourth lamp representative of low air flow and a relay coil of a two minute time delay relay, whereby upon positioning said fourth or fifth switch in its second position said second relay will become de-energized to open its set of contacts so that said fourth lamp will become deenergized and said time delay relay will time a simulated system purging period of two minutes and then become tie-energized.

5. Apparatus for simulating malfunction and alarm conditions during the operation of a power generating plant and comprising:

a voltage source;

a first lamp representative, when energized, of loss of proper combustion air due to low air iiow;

a first and second switch each having a first position and a second position;

said first lamp connected in series with one of said first and second switches across said source for energization thereby when said one switch is in its first posi, tion;

a first relay having a relay coil and a set of contacts closed upon energization of said coil, said coil being connected in series with said first and second switches across said source for energization thereby when said both switches are in their first position;

a second relay having a relay coil and a set of contacts closed upon energization of said coil, said coil being connected in series with said set of contacts of said first relay across said source to thereby energize said second relay coil upon energization of said first relay coil;

a second lamp representative, when energized, of a boiler trip alarm condition, said second lamp being connected in series with said set of contacts of said second relay whereby said second lamp becomes energized upon energization of said relay coil.

6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 including:

a third relay having a relay coil and a set of contacts closed upon energization of said coil, said coil being connected in parallel with said second lamp for energization upon energization of said second relay coil;

a fourth time delay relay having a relay coil and a set of contacts closed after a given period of time has elapsed from energization of said coil, said coil being connected in series with said set of contacts of said third relay for energization of said coil upon energization of said third relay coil; and,

a third lamp representative, when energized, of' a turbine trip alarm condition, said third lamp being connected in series with said set of contacts of said fourth relay whereby said third lamp will become energized after a given period of time has elapsed from energization of said fourth time delay relay coil.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,173,400 9/1939 Shaw 35-49 3,047,964 8/1962 Fried 3:5*10 3,061,945 11/1962 Hawkins 35-13 3,146,533 9/1964 Carmody 35-10 JEROME SCHNALL, Primary Examiner.

HARLAND S. SKOGQUIST, Assistant Examiner. 

1. APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING THE CORRECT START UP PROCEDURES REQUIRED TO START UP A FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM COMPRISING A SERIES OF OPERATING COMPONENTS FROM A NONOPERATIVE CONDITION TO AN OPERATIVE NORMAL RUNNING CONDITION IN WHICH SAID COMPONENTS ARE BROUGHT INTO OPERATION IN A PREDETERMINED SEQUENCE AND COMPRISING: A PANEL HAVING A DISPLAY PORTION GRAPHICALLY ILLUSTRATING VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF SAID SYSTEM; FIRST AND SECOND LAMPS LOCATED ADJACENT EACH ILLUSTRATED COMPONENT FOR RESPECTIVELY REPRESENTING A NONOPERATING AND AN OPERATING CONDITION OF SAID COMPONENT; A PLURALITY OF START UP SWITCHES EACH HAVING A FIRST AND SECOND POSITION RESPECTIVELY REPRESENTATIVE OF A COMPONENT NONOPERATING CONDITION AND A COMPONENT OPERATING CONDITION; A CIRCUIT CONNECTING SAID START UP SWITCHES WITH SAID LAMPS AND A SOURCE OF ENERGIZING VOLTAGE; SAID CIRCUIT INCLUDING SEQUENCE RESPONSIVE CONTROLLING MEANS FOR CONTROLLING ENERGIZATION OF SAID SECOND LAMPS ONLY IN RESPONSE TO A PREDETERMINED SEQUENCE OF POSITIONING SAID SWITCHES FROM SAID FIRST TO SAID SECOND POSITIONS, WHEREBY IF SAID PREDETERMINED SEQUENCE IS NOT FOLLOWED ENERGIZATION OF ALL OF SAID SECOND LAMPS WILL NOT OCCUR REPRESENTATIVE THAT THE CORRECT START UP PROCEDURES HAVE NOT BEEN FOLLOWED; SAID SEQUENCE RESPONSIVE CONTROLLING MEANS INCLUDES RELAYS HAVING RELAY COILS AND ASSOCIATED RELAY CONTACTS OPERATED BY SAID RELAY COILS, SAID RELAY COILS BEING ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED WITH SELECTED ONES OF SAID START UP SWITCHES; AND, SAID ASSOCIATED RELAY CONTACTS BEING CONNECTED IN SERIES WITH SELECTED ONES OF SAID START UP SWITCHES AND SELECTED ONES OF SAID SECOND LAMPS, WHEREBY SAID SELECTED SECOND LAMPS WILL BE ENERGIZED UPON POSITIONING OF SAID SELECTED SWITCHES TO THE SECOND POSITION ONLY WHEN SAID ASSOCIATED RELAY CONTACTS ARE CLOSED BY SAID ASSOCIATED RELAY COILS. 